Hidup Hemat dan Kerja Keras sebagai Proses Belajar
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Hidup Hemat dan Kerja Keras sebagai Proses Belajar
Secara psikologis, proses belajar dimulai dari pemahaman 4 tingkatan
[1] tidak sadar tidak tahu,
[2] sadar tidak tahu,
[3] sadar tahu, dan
[4] tidak sadar tahu.
Penjelasan
- Tidak sadar tidak tahu : dia tidak menyadari bahwa sesungguhnya dirinya tidak tahu.
- Sadar tidak tahu : secara sadar bahwa sesungguhnya dirinya tidak tahu.
Pada tingkatan [1] dan [2] orang tidak melakukan suatu tindakan apapun sehingga tidak terjadi perubahan perilaku.
3. Sadar tahu : secara sadar dia mengerti (belum otomatis / belum mbalung-sumsum) bahwa dirinya tahu.
4. Tidak sadar tahu : secara tidak sadar (secara otomatis/mbalung-sumsum) bahwa sesungguhnya dirinya tahu.
Pada tingkatan [3], orang telah melakukan suatu tindakan dengan cara melakukan latihan-latihan dan dengan mempersungguh di dalam melakukan apa-apa yang telah dipelajarinya.
Sedangkan pada tingkatan [4], orang telah mengaplikasikan dalam hidupnya (sudah otomatis / mbalung-sumsum) terhadap apa-apa yang dipelajari. Pada tingkatan ini, apa yang dipelajari telah terinternalisasi dan telah menjadi perilaku yang otomatis. Di dalam proses belajar, tingkatan [4] merupakan target yang ingin dicapai.
Pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras merupakan salah satu perilaku yang dapat dipelajari dengan pendekatan tingkatan belajar di atas. Yang tadinya kita tidak sadar tidak tahu atau sadar tidak tahu bahwa pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras itu diperlukan untuk menunjang keberhasilan hidup, sehingga kita tidak melakukan usaha apapun untuk menjadikan perilaku hidup hemat dan kerja keras sebagai bagian dari kehidupan kita. Dengan nasehat-nasehat, pengarahan- pengarahan, dan contoh-contoh yang diberikan, kita menjadi sadar tahu bahwa pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras itu perlu untuk kita lakukan.
Kesadaran akan perlunya menerapkan pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras mendorong kita untuk melatih diri dan mempersungguh untuk melaksanakan pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras dalam hidup kita sehari-hari. Ketika kita sudah mengerjakan pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras tersebut secara terus-menerus dalam setiap sisi kehidupan kita sehari-hari, maka kita telah mencapai tahapan tidak sadar tahu. Dalam hal ini, pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras tersebut telah mbalung-sumsum, terinternalisasi dan telah menjadi perilaku yang otomatis dalam kehidupan kita.
Menurut Albert Bandura (Teori Kognitif Sosial), manusia pada umumnya belajar melalui pengamatan kemudian meniru apa-apa yang diamatinya. Generasi muda banyak belajar dengan meniru orang dewasa dan teman-temannya. Hal ini juga berlaku untuk pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras. Oleh karena itu, bila generasi muda diminta untuk mempunyai perilaku hidup hemat dan kerja keras tetapi dibesarkan dalam lingkungan yang konsumtif dan boros, maka mereka akan menemui kesulitan untuk memahami hal tersebut. Dengan memberikan teladan bagaimana pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras kepada generasi penerus yang langsung dialaminya, jauh lebih mengena dan efektif daripada dengan penjelasan tentang sikap itu secara lisan.
Untuk itu, sebagai generasi yang lebih tua perlu memberikan contoh-contoh riil tentang bagaimana pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras dalam kehidupan sehari-hari keluarga kita masing-masing agar generasi penerus kita dapat dengan mudah menangkap pesan pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras yang ingin kita sampaikan. Dengan ditangkapnya pesan yang disampaikan maka generasi muda kita pun akan dapat menerapkan pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras di dalam kehidupannya sendiri.
Selain itu, generasi tua perlu memberikan dorongan kepada generasi muda. Generasi tua perlu memberi kesempatan kepada setiap generasi muda untuk mencoba sendiri kemampuannya, menghayati dan mengamalkan nilai-nilai hidup hemat dan kerja keras itu sendiri.
Sebaliknya, generasi muda perlu menumbuhkan motivasi intrinsik (dalam dirinya) untuk merealisasikan pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras, dengan cara: (1) mengembangkan pemikiran tentang pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras, (2) merealisasikan pikiran-pikiran tersebut dalam bentuk aksi dan tindakan tentang pola hidup hemat dan kerja keras, serta (3) merekam aksi dan tindakan yang telah dilakukan sebagai memori yang berkesan dalam pikirannya.
Demikian seterusnya, memori positif yang direkam dari aksi dan tindakan tersebut akan mempengaruhi pikiran-pikiran yang berkembang di otak sehingga kalau proses itu dikerjakan berulang-ulang dan terus-menerus akan menimbulkan perilaku hidup hemat dan kerja keras sebagai perilaku yang otomatis.
Sekian artikel kali ini mas mbak, semoga artikel ini bermanfaat
salam hangat
(YA)
CDA – Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta – 2023
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